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Land law Definition

Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the process of cultivating land for growing crops, raising plants, and producing food or other agricultural products. It also includes certain allied activities.

Section 4(6) The term "agriculture" includes:

1. Cultivation of Land: Activities such as plowing, sowing, and harvesting crops.

2. Horticulture: Growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other plants.

3. Livestock Farming: Includes dairying, breeding, and rearing animals for agriculture.

4. Sericulture: Rearing silkworms for silk production.

5. Pisciculture and Forestry: Farming fish and managing forests.

Agriculture excludes non-agricultural activities like industrial or construction work unless authorized for conversion under the Code (Section 63).

Abadi or Village Abadi

Meaning: Abadi refers to the inhabited part of a village, including residential and non-agricultural areas within the village boundaries.

Section 4(1)

Definition: Abadi land is non-agricultural land used for village settlements or residential purposes. It includes houses, roads, wells, and other structures within the village.

Village abadi land is crucial for rural habitation and is exempt from agricultural regulations. Unauthorized encroachment on abadi land can lead to legal action under Section 67 of the U.P. Revenue Code.

Grove Land

Meaning: Grove land is a specific type of land designated for growing trees, orchards, or groves.

Section 4(13)

Definition: Grove land refers to areas covered predominantly by fruit-bearing trees or timber trees that are cultivated.

Such land is typically exempt from agricultural use but still falls under revenue laws.

Ownership and transfer of grove land are regulated, and it cannot be converted for non-forestry purposes without prior approval.

Revenue Court

Meaning: A revenue court is a specialized judicial body established under the U.P. Revenue Code to adjudicate disputes related to land revenue, tenancy, and related matters.

 Section 101

Definition: Revenue courts include:

  • Tehsildar Courts
  • Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) Courts
  • Collector Courts

Board of Revenue (the highest appellate body in revenue matters)

Jurisdiction: Defined under Section 104, specifying the nature of cases each level of revenue court can handle.

Appeals: Section 110 provides for appeals to higher authorities in the revenue judiciary.

Examples of Cases:

Land disputes between tenants and landlords.

Eviction of unauthorized occupants (Section 67).

Partition and mutation disputes.

Revenue Officer

Meaning: A revenue officer is a government official tasked with administering land revenue, maintaining land records, and resolving disputes related to land and revenue.

Section 4(24)

Definition: A revenue officer includes officials like:

  • Tehsildar
  • Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO)
  • Collector
  • Other officers empowered by the government for specific revenue-related tasks.

Duties:

  1. Collection of land revenue.
  2. Mutation of land records (Section 54).
  3. Resolving disputes over land use and tenancy.

Example:

The Collector is a key revenue officer responsible for enforcing Section 63, which regulates the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes.

Agricultural Year

Meaning: The agricultural year refers to the period used for assessing land revenue and keeping land records. It generally aligns with the agricultural cycle.

Section 4(2)

Definition: The agricultural year in Uttar Pradesh begins on July 1st and ends on June 30th of the following year.

  • Revenue records, crop assessments, and taxation are maintained based on the agricultural year.
  • It ensures synchronization between farming activities and revenue administration.

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